第一章  準噶爾盆地碳排放源特征Chapter I Characteristics of Carbon Emission Sources in Junggar Basin

根據《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》要求，所有締約方應按照IPCC國家溫室氣體清單指南編制各國的溫室氣體清單。我國于2004年向《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》締約方大會提交了《中國氣候變化初始國家信息通報》，報告了1994年我國溫室氣體清單，2008年我國啟動了2005年國家溫室氣體清單的編制工作。為了進一步加強省級溫室氣體清單編制能力建設，我國多個政府部門以及科研院所的專家編寫了―“省級溫室氣體清單編制指南”，清單編制總體上遵循《IPCC國家溫室氣體清單指南》的基本方法，并借鑒了1994年和2005年我國能源活動溫室氣體清單編制好的做法。但由于該清單中CO2排放量計算所需的參數較多，在本課題的研究尺度下無法做到對整個盆地的排放源企業進行詳細調查，因此本此研究以企業年產量或年產能為基礎進行估算，采用同時考慮燃料燃燒和工藝過程因素的綜合排放因子，計算點源的排放量，匯總得總排放量。According to the requirements of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), all contracting parties should prepare national GHG inventories in accordance with the requirements of IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. In 2004, China had submitted “China's Initial National Climate Change Report” to the Conference of Parties of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which reported China's greenhouse gas inventory in 1994. In 2008, China started the preparation of the 2005 National Greenhouse Gas Inventory. In order to further strengthen the capacity for preparation of provincial GHG inventories, experts from various government departments and research institutes in our country have compiled the Guidelines to Compilation of Provincial-level Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The preparation of the inventory generally follows the guidelines in the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Basic methods, and learns from the good example of the preparation method of 1994 and 2005 greenhouse gas inventory of China's energy activities. However, due to the large number of parameters required for the calculation of CO² emissions in the inventory, it is impossible to conduct a detailed investigation on the source enterprises in the entire basin under the research area of this project. Therefore, this study is based on the annual output or annual production capacity of enterprises, taking into account the fuel combustion and process factors integrated emission factors, so as to calculate the amount of point source emissions and summary the total emissions.

計算(suan)公式如下：Calculation formula is as follows:

 （2-1）

 （2-2）

 （2-3）

式中：(E_CO2)_ji為第j個行業第i個企業CO₂年排放量，(EF)_ji 為該企業CO₂綜合排放因子(emission factor)，(P₁)_ji為產品年產量(production)，(P₂)_ji為企業產能(capacity)，(A)_ji為產能利用系數(utilization rate)，(T)_ji為設備平均利用時間(full load hours)，(E_CO2)_t為整個行業排放總量(CO₂ estimated per industry)。當依據排放源年實際產量計算該行業總排放量時，采用式(2-1)，當依據排放源年產能計算該行業總排放量時采用式(2-2)。Where: (E_CO2)_ji is the annual CO² emission of the i^th enterprise in the j^th industry, (EF)_ji is the CO² emission factor of the enterprise, (P1)_ji is the annual production of the product, ( P2)_ji is the capacity of the enterprise, (A)_ji is the utilization rate, (T)_ji is the full load hours of the equipment, (ECO²)_t is the total industry emissions estimated per industry). When calculating the total emissions of the industry based on the actual production of the source year, the formula (2-1) is adopted, and the formula (2-2) is adopted when calculating the total emissions of the industry based on the annual output of the source.

第一節  火電廠CO2排放Section 1 CO₂ Emissions of Power Plant

根據《2016年中國電力統計年鑒》，2015年中國火電裝機總量為100554萬千瓦，其中新疆地區火電裝機容量為4199萬千瓦。全年全國火電發電量為42307億千瓦時，新疆地區為2067億千瓦時。對6000千瓦及以上電廠發電技術經濟指標進行統計結果顯示全國火電廠設備利用小時4364小時，新疆高出全國平均水平，為4730小時。因此，新疆地區火電的產能利用率很高。近年來，新疆火電發電裝機呈“井噴式”發展，供需矛盾突出，電力產能過剩。新疆本區消納電力約占總裝機規模的三分之一，其他部分通過“電力援疆”跨省外送電力方案消納剩余電量。According to the requirements of China Electric Power Yearbook 2016, the total installed capacity of thermal power in China of 2015 was 100554 MW, of which 41.99 GW was installed in Xinjiang. In the whole year, the generating capacity of thermal power in the country is about 4,230.7 billion kwh, and the generating capacity of thermal power in Xinjiang is about 206.7 billion kwh. As for the statistics on the technical and economic indicators for power generation of 6,000 kilowatts and above show that the utilization of equipment in thermal power plants nationwide is about 4364 hours per hour. Xinjiang is higher than the national average of 4730 hours. Therefore, thermal power generation capacity utilization in Xinjiang is quite high. In recent years, installed capacity of thermal power generation in Xinjiang is in a spurt of development, which causes a prominent contradiction between supply and demand, and overcapacity of power generation. In Xinjiang, the local consumption of electricity accounts for about one-third of the total installed capacity, and the rest surplus electricity were consumed by the plan of cross-regional transmission through the policy of “Eclectic Aid for Xinjiang” program.

火電廠的CO2排放計算采用第二個公式（2-2）。從圖1-1中可以看出，準噶爾盆地的火電廠主要分布在盆地的南緣，以及準東區域，主要是奎屯、石河子、烏魯木齊、阜康等地區，盆地主要電廠共有32座，年排放總量達67.51Mt。The calculation of CO₂ emissions from thermal power plants may apply the second formula (2-2). As can be seen in Figure 1-1, the thermal power plants in the Junggar Basin are mainly distributed in the southern margin of the basin and the quasi-eastern region, mainly Kuitun, Shihezi,第一章  準噶爾盆地碳排放源特征Chapter I Characteristics of Carbon Emission Sources in Junggar Basin

根據《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》要求，所有締約方應按照IPCC國家溫室氣體清單指南編制各國的溫室氣體清單。我國于2004年向《聯合國氣候變化框架公約》締約方大會提交了《中國氣候變化初始國家信息通報》，報告了1994年我國溫室氣體清單，2008年我國啟動了2005年國家溫室氣體清單的編制工作。為了進一步加強省級溫室氣體清單編制能力建設，我國多個政府部門以及科研院所的專家編寫了―“省級溫室氣體清單編制指南”，清單編制總體上遵循《IPCC國家溫室氣體清單指南》的基本方法，并借鑒了1994年和2005年我國能源活動溫室氣體清單編制好的做法。但由于該清單中CO2排放量計算所需的參數較多，在本課題的研究尺度下無法做到對整個盆地的排放源企業進行詳細調查，因此本此研究以企業年產量或年產能為基礎進行估算，采用同時考慮燃料燃燒和工藝過程因素的綜合排放因子，計算點源的排放量，匯總得總排放量。According to the requirements of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), all contracting parties should prepare national GHG inventories in accordance with the requirements of IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. In 2004, China had submitted “China's Initial National Climate Change Report” to the Conference of Parties of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which reported China's greenhouse gas inventory in 1994. In 2008, China started the preparation of the 2005 National Greenhouse Gas Inventory. In order to further strengthen the capacity for preparation of provincial GHG inventories, experts from various government departments and research institutes in our country have compiled the Guidelines to Compilation of Provincial-level Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The preparation of the inventory generally follows the guidelines in the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Basic methods, and learns from the good example of the preparation method of 1994 and 2005 greenhouse gas inventory of China's energy activities. However, due to the large number of parameters required for the calculation of CO² emissions in the inventory, it is impossible to conduct a detailed investigation on the source enterprises in the entire basin under the research area of this project. Therefore, this study is based on the annual output or annual production capacity of enterprises, taking into account the fuel combustion and process factors integrated emission factors, so as to calculate the amount of point source emissions and summary the total emissions.

計算公(gong)式(shi)如下：Calculation formula is as follows:

 （2-1）

 （2-2）

 （2-3）

式中：(E_CO2)_ji為第j個行業第i個企業CO₂年排放量，(EF)_ji 為該企業CO₂綜合排放因子(emission factor)，(P₁)_ji為產品年產量(production)，(P₂)_ji為企業產能(capacity)，(A)_ji為產能利用系數(utilization rate)，(T)_ji為設備平均利用時間(full load hours)，(E_CO2)_t為整個行業排放總量(CO₂ estimated per industry)。當依據排放源年實際產量計算該行業總排放量時，采用式(2-1)，當依據排放源年產能計算該行業總排放量時采用式(2-2)。Where: (E_CO2)_ji is the annual CO² emission of the i^th enterprise in the j^th industry, (EF)_ji is the CO² emission factor of the enterprise, (P1)_ji is the annual production of the product, ( P2)_ji is the capacity of the enterprise, (A)_ji is the utilization rate, (T)_ji is the full load hours of the equipment, (ECO²)_t is the total industry emissions estimated per industry). When calculating the total emissions of the industry based on the actual production of the source year, the formula (2-1) is adopted, and the formula (2-2) is adopted when calculating the total emissions of the industry based on the annual output of the source.

第一節  火電廠CO2排放Section 1 CO₂ Emissions of Power Plant

根據《2016年中國電力統計年鑒》，2015年中國火電裝機總量為100554萬千瓦，其中新疆地區火電裝機容量為4199萬千瓦。全年全國火電發電量為42307億千瓦時，新疆地區為2067億千瓦時。對6000千瓦及以上電廠發電技術經濟指標進行統計結果顯示全國火電廠設備利用小時4364小時，新疆高出全國平均水平，為4730小時。因此，新疆地區火電的產能利用率很高。近年來，新疆火電發電裝機呈“井噴式”發展，供需矛盾突出，電力產能過剩。新疆本區消納電力約占總裝機規模的三分之一，其他部分通過“電力援疆”跨省外送電力方案消納剩余電量。According to the requirements of China Electric Power Yearbook 2016, the total installed capacity of thermal power in China of 2015 was 100554 MW, of which 41.99 GW was installed in Xinjiang. In the whole year, the generating capacity of thermal power in the country is about 4,230.7 billion kwh, and the generating capacity of thermal power in Xinjiang is about 206.7 billion kwh. As for the statistics on the technical and economic indicators for power generation of 6,000 kilowatts and above show that the utilization of equipment in thermal power plants nationwide is about 4364 hours per hour. Xinjiang is higher than the national average of 4730 hours. Therefore, thermal power generation capacity utilization in Xinjiang is quite high. In recent years, installed capacity of thermal power generation in Xinjiang is in a spurt of development, which causes a prominent contradiction between supply and demand, and overcapacity of power generation. In Xinjiang, the local consumption of electricity accounts for about one-third of the total installed capacity, and the rest surplus electricity were consumed by the plan of cross-regional transmission through the policy of “Eclectic Aid for Xinjiang” program.

火電廠的CO2排放計算采用第二個公式（2-2）。從圖1-1中可以看出，準噶爾盆地的火電廠主要分布在盆地的南緣，以及準東區域，主要是奎屯、石河子、烏魯木齊、阜康等地區，盆地主要電廠共有32座，年排放總量達67.51Mt。The calculation of CO₂ emissions from thermal power plants may apply the second formula (2-2). As can be seen in Figure 1-1, the thermal power plants in the Junggar Basin are mainly distributed in the southern margin of the basin and the quasi-eastern region, mainly Kuitun, Shihezi, Urumqi, Fukang and other regions. There are 32 main power plants in the basin, with the total emission amount of 67.51Mt. Urumqi, Fukang and other regions. There are 32 main power plants in the basin, with the total emission amount of 67.51Mt.

 

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2023年8月(yue)16日